犍为县姜瘟病发生与土壤养分及环境因子关系研究

Correlation between Ginger Wilt and Soil Nutrients and Environmental Factors in Qianwei County

【目的】探明大田条件下土壤养分及环境因子与姜瘟病发生之间的关系,确定其对生姜发病的影响。【方法】2012-2013年在犍为县开展姜瘟病田间防治试验,采用蜂窝式栽培技术,后期设置了塑料大棚和对照2个处理,重复6次,于姜瘟病发病期进行土壤含水量、温度和发病率动态监测,并测定发病高峰期生姜根际土壤养分含量,进行多元线性回归分析。【结果】2年的试验中,生姜发病率与土壤含水量和速效磷含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与土壤温度呈正相关;多元线性回归分析表明,土壤含水量较高(T1处理)时,土壤温度是影响姜瘟病发生的主要因素,最优回归模型为发病率=-2 108.12+3.99×wc+71.95×t+1.16×AP-0.31×AN(R2=0.881,P=0.001);土壤含水量较低(T2处理)时,土壤含水量成为影响姜瘟病发生的主要因素,最优回归模型为发病率=160.05+7.12×wc-1.70×t+1.08×AP-0.30×AN(R2=0.634,P=0.03)。【结论】影响姜瘟病发生的主要环境因子为土壤含水量、温度和土壤速效磷含量;犍为县生姜发病的土壤含水量临界值为24%。

[Objective]The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between ginger wilt and soil nutrients and environmental factors under the field conditions,and to determine their effects on the ginger wilt.[Method]Two treatments of field experiment,conventional cultivation （T1）and soil water content control during the final growth stage by covering plastic film （T2）, were performed in Qianwei county in 2012 and 2013.Each treatment had 6 replicates.The ginger wilt incidence,soil water content,soil temperature and nutrients were monitored.Multiple linear regression analysis was used.[Results]The ginger wilt incidence was correlated significantly pos-itively with soil moisture content and available phosphorus content.Likewise,ginger wilt inci-dence was positively correlated soil temperature.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that when water content was high （T1 ）,soil temperature was the most predominant factor affecting ginger wilt incidence.The optimal regression model was：ginger wilt incidence = -2 108.12 ＋3.99 ×wc＋71.95×t＋1.16×AP-0.31×AN （R 2 =0.881,P =0.001）.However,when soil wa-ter content was low （T2）,soil water content became the most predominant factor.The optimal regression model was：ginger wilt incidence =160.05＋7.12×wc-1.70×t ＋1.08×AP-0.30× AN （R 2 =0.634,P =0.03）.[Conclusion]Soil water content,temperature,available phosphorus content were the dominant factors affecting the occurrence of ginger wilt.The critical value of soil water content when the ginger wilt disease occurred was 24% in Qianwei.