黑龙江省黑土地水土流失治理现状、困境及对策

The Present Management Situation,Difficulties and Countermeasures of Soil and Water Loss for Black Land in Heilongjiang Province

黑龙江省黑土区占整个东北黑土区的大部分,其水土流失问题日趋严重,流失面积呈先增后减再增的趋势,对保障我国粮食安全、实现农业可持续发展和农村农民脱贫致富构成威胁。黑龙江省黑土地水土流失综合治理成效显著,已初步形成政府财政为主的资金投入体系,水土保持科技水平有所提升,水土保持监管执法体系初步完善。但在治理过程中,还存在着部门间协调配合机制不完善、投入资金不足和标准过低、约束和激励机制缺乏、传统耕作制度和经营制度制约治理速度,以及农民投劳占地问题难解决等困境。为此,从资金投入、法律法规完善、制度创新等方面提出对策建议。

The black soil area in Heilongjiang province accounted for most of black earth area in the whole northeast . The main problem is increasingly serious soil and water loss;erosion area showed a trend of increase after decreases and then increases first which safeguard food security and agricultural sustainable development in our country , the high sedi-mentation riverbed , drought and flood disaster threat and rural farmers out of poverty to get rich .Soil in Heilongjiang province comprehensive control of soil erosion has brought noticeable achievements , has initially formed the government fiscal investment system , improve soil and water conservation science and technology level , soil and water conservation supervision law enforcement system perfect .But in the process of governance , there can also be a mechanism of coordina-tion and collaboration between government departments is not perfect , inadequate investment standard is too low , con-straints , and lack of incentive mechanism , traditional cultivation system and management system governing speed , such as farmers work-relief funds covering problem difficult to solve the dilemma , this article from the capital investment , per-fecting laws and regulations , the respect such as system innovation put forward countermeasures and Suggestions .