1关于symbolism的定义参见Winthrop,Robert H., 1991,Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology,Greenwood Press,p.286.
2Locke,John,1690 (1963), An Essay Concerning.Human Understanding,in The Works of John Locke,new ed.,corrected.10 vols. Aalen,Germany:Scientia Verlag,Vol 3:175.
3Peirce,Charles S., 1900 (1955),in Philosophical Writings of Peirce,Buchler,Justus ed., New York:Dover Press,p.98.
4Saussure,Ferdinard de., 1915 (1966),Course in General Linguistics, Bally,Charles and Sechehaye,Albert eds.,New York:McGraw Hill,p.16.
5Lévi-Strauss,Claude.,1960 (1967), The Scope of Anthropology,London:Jonathan Cape,pp.16—17.
6Singer,Milton,1984, Man’s Glassy Essence:Explorations in Semiotic Anthropology , Bloomimgton:Indiana University Press,第1,2章.
7Sperber,Dan,1975,Rethinking,Symbolism,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,p.113.
8Sapir,Edward,1935,Symbolism,in Encyclopedia of Social Sciences,Vol.14,pp.492—95.
9Dolgin,J.L.,Kemnitzer,D.S.and Schneider,D.M.eds.,1977,Symbolic Anthropology:A Reader in the Study of Symbols and Meanings,New York:Columbia University Press,p.22.
6James Der. Derian,“Philosophical Traditions in International Relations”,Millennium:Journal of International Studies,17,No.2,1988,转引自倪世雄:《当代西方国际关系理论》,复旦大学出版社2001年版,第204页.
7[英]安东尼·吉登斯著,胡宗泽等译:《民族—国家与暴力》,北京三联书店1998年版,第255页.
8[法]卢梭著,何兆武译:《社会契约论》,商务印书馆2001年版,第64页.
9[日]宫冈伯人:“世界上九成语言濒临灭绝危机”,《读卖新闻》,2003年3月10日.
10Fareed Zakaria, “The Future of Freedom:Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad”.Economist,Mar.6,2003.
