重症监护病房住院患者医院感染的特点及影响因素分析

Analysis of Characteristics and Influence Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Hospitalized Patients in Intensive Care Unit

目的研究重症监护病房住院患者医院感染特点及影响因素。方法通过目标监测方法对我院重症监护病房收治的500例患者感染情况进行观察,分析医院感染特点(感染率、感染部位分布情况、病原菌分布情况)及影响因素。结果 500例ICU患者中医院感染80例,感染率为16.0%。其中发病例次最多的是脑血管疾病(20.9%),其次是呼吸系统疾病(19.1%)。感染部位中呼吸道发生例次最多(54.4%),其次是泌尿道(22.2%)。80例医院感染患者中共检出病原菌102株,以革兰阴性菌(60株)为主。医院感染独立危险因素有ICU入住时间及机械通气时间。结论 ICU医院感染以脑血管疾病、呼吸系统疾病等为主,多发生于呼吸道、泌尿道等部位,病原菌多为革兰阴性菌,其独立危险因素为ICU入住时间及机械通气时间。

Objective To explore the characteristics and influence factors of nosocomial infection in hospitalized patients in intensive care unit （ICU）. Methods 500 cases of ICU patients admitted to our hospital were selected. The infection status of patients was observed by target monitoring method. The characteristics （including infection rate, distribution of infection sites and pathogenic bacteria） and influence factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed. Results 500 ICU patients had nosocomial infection in 80 cases （the positive rate was 16.0%）. Cerebrovascular disease had the largest infection number （20.9%）, followed by respiratory system diseases （19.1%）. In infection site, respiratory tract had the largest infection number （54.4%）, followed by urinary tract （22.2%）. In 80 patients with nosocomial infection, a total of 102 pathogens was detected, with gram negative bacteria （60 strains） based. The independent risk factors of nosocomial infection were ICU time and mechanical ventilation time. Conclusions ICU hospital infection mainly occurs in cerebrovascular disease and respiratory system disease, and mainly occurs in respiratory tract, urinary tract and other parts. The pathogenic bacteria are main gram negative bacteria, and the independent risk factors are ICU time and duration of mechanical ventilation.