宋人志怪故事中的地域社会与伦理观念——以《夷坚志》温州故事为例

The Regional Society and Ethics in the Mythical Stories of the Song Dynasty:A Case Study of Wenzhou Stories in Yi Jian Zhi

本文从地域关系的视角分析《夷坚志》温州故事中伦理观念与地域秩序的对应关系。简单地讲,温州本地社会中流传着报应故事,官场上流传着鬼怪故事,科场上流传着梦占命定的故事。这种现象可以解释为,本地社会是一个熟人社会,报应观念是熟人社会构建道德秩序的重要方式;士大夫的游宦或者科举士人的游学生活是一个不断遭遇陌生环境的过程,鬼怪故事是宣泄恐惧情绪的途径;科举梦占故事则体现科举士人超地域的社会关系。此外,温州故事中还出现了两则自述故事,表现待阙者乡居时苦闷、紧张的生活。

This paper analyzes the correspondence between ethics and regional order of Wenzhou stories in Yi Jian Zhi from the perspective of regional relationship. Simply speaking,the stories on retribution spread in the local society of Wenzhou,ghost stories circulate in the officialdom,and dream divination and destination stories go around the imperial competitive examination sites. This phenomenon can be interpreted from the following perspectives. The local society is an acquaintance society,where the concept of retribution is an important way of moral order construction. For the literati,the officials serving in places far away from their hometowns or the intellectuals participating in the imperial examinations,they live an unsettled life for learning,and have to constantly face strange environment,so they seek to vent their fear by way of ghost stories. The dream divination and destination stories on the imperial examination are the embodiments of the social relationship of intellectuals participating in the examination across regions. In addition,there are two self-narration stories in Wenzhou stories,which express the boredom and tension of living in the countryside and waiting for a vacancy.