布洛赫美学要义及其贡献

The Gist and Contribution of Ernst Bloch's Aesthetics

布洛赫美学的出发点是现代艺术,关注的核心是自我表达,独具特色的地方是将自我表达与瞬间体验连在了一起,由此连接推出了其美学思考的新发现:瞬间的混沌与自我体验的困境。恰是这个混沌与困境揭开了现代艺术的面纱:由当下感受和自我表达出发折射出对现实的不满,同时滋生出对更美好未来的希望。作为西马学者,他由此清晰坚持了马克思主义由不合理现实的自我演进中衍生出美好未来的原则,贯彻了马克思主义的整体性思维和对资本主义现实的批判。虽然他没有明确将更美好未来限定在共产主义上,但是还是将马克思主义美学向前推进了一步,以自我表达为核心揭示了艺术表现的内容生成机制:由当下体验出发衍生对更美好未来的希望。这样的美学虽有忽略形式自主表达之不足,但将现代艺术的内容生成清晰地展现了出来。

The starting point of Ernst Bloch's aesthetics is modern art,the concerned core is self-expression,and the uniqueness is to link self-expression with instantaneous experience together,which results in the new discovery of his aesthetic thinking,that is,the instantaneous chaos and the predicament of self-experience. It is just this chaos together with this predicament that uncovers the veil of modern art,proceeding from immediate feelings and from self-expression,modern art reflects the dissatisfaction with the reality,simultaneously,it breeds the hope for a better future. Thus,as a scholar of western Marxism,Bloch clearly adheres to the Marxist principle which contends that a bright future can be derived from the self-evolution of unreasonable reality. Moreover,Bloch implements the holistic thinking of Marxism and carries out the Marxist critique of capitalist reality. Although Bloch does not explicitly limit a better future to the communism,it is still a step forward for Marxist aesthetics. In other words,centering on self-expression,Bloch reveals the content generative mechanism of artistic presentation,proceeding from the immediate experience,the hope for a much better future can be derived. Although such a kind of aesthetics has a defect which ignores the autonomous presentation of form,it still clearly shows the content generation of modern art.