贵州粳稻育种产量相关性状基因型与环境效应研究

Effects of Genotype- Environmental Interaction on Yield Related Traits of Japonica Breeding in Guizhou

应用AMMI模型对2002-2011年贵州省粳稻区域试验品种(组合)产量相关性状基因型与环境互作效应进行分析。结果表明,基因型、环境、基因型与环境互作对考察的7个性状影响程度各不相同,基因型效应、环境效应、基因型与环境互作效应的大小因基因型(参试品种)、试验环境(年份和试点)的不同存在一定的差异。在贵州生态条件下,所研究的7个性状在不同试验环境下差异较大,不同基因型间也存在很大差异,基因型与环境互作差异相对较小。不同性状在不同试验环境下表现出不同的基因型效应、环境效应和互作效应。所研究的7个性状中,株高受基因型效应和环境效应影响为主;生育期、有效穗主要受环境效应影响;产量、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重同时受基因型效应、环境效应、基因型与环境互作效应影响,但产量和千粒重受基因型与环境互作效应影响相对较大,穗粒数和结实率受环境效应影响相对较大。贵州粳稻育种中对产量相关性状进行选择时,需针对基因型、环境、基因型与环境互作效应进行,以提高育种效率。

To study the effects of the genotype-environment （GxE） interaction on the yield related traits in japonica breeding in Guizhou regional trials, the data collected from 2002 to 2011 were analyzed by AMMI（Addition Main effects and Multipli- cation Interaction） model. The results showed that the genotype, environment, genotype-environment interaction had different effect on 7 traits investigated. The degree of strength was closely related to genotype （tested varieties） and environment（years and places）. In the ecological condition of Guizhou, the condition of 7 traits studied was different in different environments and genotypes. Genotype-environment interaction had little difference. Different traits in different environments had different effect on genotype, environment, and G^E interaction. Among the 7 traits, the plant height was mainly controlled by geno- type and environment. The growth duration, the number of effective ears were mainly controlled by environment. The yield, grains per spikete, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight were controlled by the genotype, environment, and G^E interac- tion. The yield and 1 000-grain weight were more affected by G×E interaction. The grains per spikete and seed setting rate were controlled by environment. In the future, breeding of yield related traits suitable for Guizhou province must consider genotypie enironment, and GxE interaction to improve the breeding effects.