林药复合种植的滇龙胆中元素的化学计量特征研究

The Elements Stoichiometry Characteristics of Gentiana rigescens from Different Multiple Cropping Systems

药用植物复合种植是对传统中药材种植模式的优化,在一定程度上可缓解中药材与作物争地的矛盾,对中药资源的保护与可持续发展具有重要意义。试验通过采集单一种植模式的滇龙胆（Gentiana rigescens Franch.ex Hemsl.）样品以及滇龙胆与茶树[Camellia sinensis（L.）O.Ktze]、大叶桉（Eucalyptus robusta Smith）、木瓜[Chaenomeles sinensis（Thouin）Koehne]、旱冬瓜（Alnus nepalensis D.Don）、核桃（Juglans regia L.）、杉木[Cunninghamia lanceolata（Lamb.）Hook.]、木果石栎[Lithocarpus xylocarpus（Kurz）Markg.]等林药复合种植模式的滇龙胆样品,用微波消解-ICP-AES法测定各滇龙胆样品中的Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、P、Cu、Mn、Cd、Pb、Ni、Sr、Ti等元素含量,以探明不同种植模式下滇龙胆植株中元素的化学计量特征。结果表明,该方法的加标回收率在95.40%~108.25%,相对标准偏差在0.26%~2.08%。其中滇龙胆根中的元素含量排序为Ca、Fe、Mg、P、Mn、Zn、Ti、Sr、Ni,茎、叶中的为Ca、Mg、P、Fe、Mn、Zn、Sr、Ti、Ni。以滇龙胆-茶树复合种植模式的P元素含量最高,其在根、茎、叶中分别为1 384.73、1 640.12、2 399.04μg/g;滇龙胆-旱冬瓜复合种植模式的Fe和Ti元素含量最高;滇龙胆-大叶桉复合种植模式的Mg元素含量最高,其根、茎、叶中分别为1 486.08、2 770.99、4 673.24μg/g;滇龙胆-核桃复合种植模式的Sr元素含量最高,其根、茎、叶中分别为37.02、52.80、34.63μg/g。重金属元素Cd与Ca、Fe、Ni元素含量之间呈显著或极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.741、0.929、0.893;Ni与Fe、Ti含量之间呈显著或极显著正相关,与Pb含量之间呈显著负相关;Mg与Cu含量之间呈显著正相关,Mn与Sr含量之间呈极显著正相关。

Multiple cropping of medicinal plants partially alleviates land-use contradiction between medicinal plants and crops. This cropping system is an optimization for planting pattern of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and is important for sustainable development of TCM resources. Microwave digestion-ICP-AES was used to determine the content of Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn, P,Cu,Mn,Cd, Pb,Ni,Sr and Ti in Gentiana rigescens Franch.ex Hemsl. collected from different planting patterns including single planting, and multiple cropping systems mixed with species such as Camellia sinensis （L.） O.Ktze,Eucalyptus robusta Smith, Chaenomeles sinensis （Thouin） Koehne, Alnus nepalensis D. Don, Juglans regia L, Cunninghamia lanceolata （Lamb.） Hook., or Lithocarwpus xyloearpus（Kurz） Markg. to study the elements stoichiometry charaeteristics of G. rigeseens. The standard addition recovery ratio of the method was 95.40%-108.25%. The relative standard deviation was 0.26%-2.08%. The results showed that the elements eontent studied ranking from high to low were in the order of as Ca, Fe,Mg,P,Mn, Zn, Ti, Sr, Ni in G. rigeseens root, and Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sr, Ti, Ni in stem and leaf. The highest contents of P was found in G. rigescens-C, sinensis multiple cropping systems, which was 1 384.73 μg/g in root, 1 640.12 μg/g in stem, and 2 399.04 μg/g in leaf. The highest content of Fe and Ti was found in G. rigeseens-A, nepalensis cropping system. The highest eontent of Mg in root, stem and leaf of G. rigescens in G. rigescens-E, robusta cropping system was 1 486.08 μg/g, 2 770.99 μg/g and 4 673.24 μg/g, respectively. The highest content of Sr in root, stem and leaf of G. rigescens in G. rigescens-J, regia cropping system was 37.02 μg/g, 52.08 μg/g and 34.63 μg/g, respectively. Positive correlations of Ca, Fe and Ni to Cd were found with the correlation coefficients of 0.741, 0.929 and 0.893, respectively. Ni had positive correlations with Fe and Ti while negative correlation with Pb. Mg and Cu had significantly positive correlation at the 0.05 level. Mn and Sr had significantly positive correlation at the 0.01 level.