日本渔船保险制度研究及启示

A Study on the Legal System of Fishing Vessel P&I Insurance of Japan and its Implication

日本渔船保险法律制度的构建先后经历了《渔船保险法》、《渔船损害补偿法》以及《渔船损害等补偿法》等阶段,不断得以完善,成为其渔业生产经营的安全网的重要组成部分。其渔船保险法律制度的主要内容包括设立渔船保险组合、组合的渔船保险事业、渔船保险中央会及其普通再保险事业、政府的特殊保险再保险事业、保险费的负担和补助金的发放。我国应确立渔船保险制度,须制定专门的渔船保险立法,发挥保险合作组织在渔船保险中的作用,国家应为渔船保险提供财政支持与税收激励,应建立渔船保险再保险机制。

The construction of the legal system of the fishing vessel P＆I insurance of Japan had covered three periods before the legal system was made more perfectly. The legal system of the fishing vessel P＆I insurance played an important role in the safety net for the fishery production in Japan. The main contents of the legal system include the establishment of the cooperative society of the fishing vessel insurance, the insurance business of the cooperative insurance society, the Central Insurance Cooperative Union and its general reinsurance business, the special reinsurance business of the government, and the bearing of the premium and dispatching of the subsidy. China should establish the fishing vessel insurance system and make the fishing vessel insurance law specially. The insurance cooperative society should play a role in covering the fishing vessel insurance. The state should provide financial support and tax incentive with the fishing vessel insurance. The government should also establish the reinsurance mechanism.