板翅换热器导流结构非线性映射与性能多目标优化

Non-linear mapping and multi-objective optimization of leading flow structure in plate-fin heat exchanger

板翅式换热器入口位置纵向方向上的流体分布不均匀问题影响不同层之间流体传热。目前已有的导流结构采用试验方式确定部分参数,缺乏对导流结构参数优化。本文提出板翅换热器导流结构多目标优化分析方法,分别考虑导流结构中孔径、孔数、流体流速、板翅式换热器入口直径、导流结构在换热器入口处的位置、孔的间距等影响换热器入口处流体均匀分布的因素,构建导流结构压强与单位时间换热量的多目标优化数学模型。采用正交试验方法选择不同参数组合建立仿真试验模型,根据试验结果推导导流结构非线性映射方程,以BP神经网络与遗传算法相结合的方式对导流结构尺寸进行优化分析,得到导流结构多目标优化结果。采用Fluent数值模拟板翅式换热器导流结构参数优化前后流体均匀分布情况,通过对比无导流结构板翅换热器可以看出,对导流结构进行优化可以明显改善流体在换热器各层流道中的流动均匀性,提高换热量,强化换热器的传热性能。

Flow maldistribution in the inlet of the plate-fin heat exchanger along the longitudinal direction affects heat transfer among different layers. Nowadays experimental methods are used to determine the parameters of the leading flow structure, however, optimization of these parameters has not been reported yet. A new multi-objective optimizing method was proposed based on traditional leading flow structure. Considering the factors influencing fluid distribution in the inlet of the plate-fin heat exchanger, including diameter, space and number of hole on the leading flow structure, fluid velocity, location of the leading flow structure in the inlet of the exchanger and inlet diameter of the exchanger, the multi-objective optimizing models of pressure drop and heat transfer per unit time were established. Orthogonal experiment was conducted to create the simulation model and deduce non-linear mapping equations of the leading flow structure. The leading flow structure was optimized using back propagation network （BP） combined with genetic algorithm and the final parameters of the structur were determined. Fluid flow and distribution in the inlet of the plate-fin heat exchanger before and after optimization were simulated using the commercial software, Fluent, and were compared with those without the leading flow structure. The leading flow structure after optimization could improve fluid distribution along the longitudinal direction obviously, and meanwhile, improve heat transfer and enhance performance of the exchanger.