铁路道床吸污车吹吸装置流场数值模拟及结构优化

Numerical simulation of flow field and optimization of blowing- suction apparatus for railway ballast bed cleaning truck

针对铁路道床吸污车吸污效率不足和二次污染问题,建立吹吸装置仿真模型,选取钢轨打磨后道床上常见且密度大的铁屑作为研究对象,运用计算流体力学方法对不同吹风速度情况下的流场进行数值模拟。通过数值模拟分析,提出新的改进方案,并对其进行仿真和试验验证。研究结果表明:直径为5 mm的铁屑在改进后吹吸装置内的运动轨迹较为规则,颗粒基本可以有效的被吸走;高速气流区域较改进前增大,提高了吸尘效率;改进后的吸尘口位于两侧,不存在吹风气流逃逸造成二次污染现象,达到了设计要求。

In view of lacking the enough waste suction ability and secondary pollution of the railway ballast bed cleaning truck, a simulation model was set up based on the structure of blowing - suction apparatus. Scrap iron is the common waste and has a greater density as research subject, and the internal flow field of the blowing - suction apparatus was simulated using computational fluid dynamics technology under different wind speeds. A new improved scheme was put forward after simulation. The simulation and test results show that the trajectory path of scrap iron with diameter being 5mm is regular and the scrap iron can be removed. The speed of the air-flow close to the ground was increased greatly and the distribution of the fluid field was changed to improve the efficiency. Besides, the improved apparatus will not induce secondary pollution caused by air leakage, which achieves the design requirements.