中国生物多样性主流化现状与对策

Current Situation and Countermeasures of Biodiversity Mainstreaming in China

生物多样性主流化在国际上已被认为是最有效的生物多样性保护与可持续利用措施之一。通过生物多样性的主流化,将生物多样性纳入到经济、社会发展的主流,从而避免先破坏后保护、做到防患于未然、使生物多样性保护与经济发展得以同步进行。生物多样性主流化也是实现生物多样性保护由行政命令向综合运用法律、经济、技术和必要的行政办法转变的主要途径。主流化可以从根本上解决生物多样性的保护与可持续利用问题。中国的生物多样性主流化虽然已经普遍开展并取得了一定的进展,但在实践中确缺少法律依据和政策支持以及缺少科学有效的方法体系、机构建设等,制约了主流化工作的进一步加强。为了更好地推进中国的生物多样性主流化工作,应加强法律法规和政策支持、强化科学和技术支撑、开发更有效的方法并出台指标体系、指南以及加强宣传教育等。

Biodiversity mainstreaming is regarded as an effective measure for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use around the world. The mainstreaming, through integrating biodiversity into economic and social development processes, will avoid destruction first then following restoration and will encourage taking preventive measures. The mainstreaming can ensure that economic development and biodiversity conservation are synergistically realized. Mainstreaming actions can also promote a turn for biodiversity conservation from using administrational order alone to using combined leverage of law, economic, technical and necessary administrational order. Mainstreaming is a measure that can fundamentally solve？ the＇？, problems existing in the biodiversity conservation and sustainable use. Biodiversity mainstreaming has been widely applied in China and progresses have been made so far. However, the constraints such as lack of legal basis, policy support, widely accepted scientific methods and institutional support limited the potential roles and further improvements of the mainstreaming work. In order to promote the work of biodiversity mainstreaming in China, it is recommended that legal, policy and scientific supports should be strengthened, more effective approaches, criterion system and guidance should be developed and knowledge and awareness should be enhanced.