黑龙江省某市矿泉水水质的健康风险评价

Health Risk Assessment on Quality of the Mineral Spring in a City of Heilongjiang Province

目的:明确黑龙江某市泉水水质所包含的主要成分,对可能存在的超标物质进行健康风险评价,提出治理建议。方法:采用《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)和《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848-93)Ⅲ类标准对泉水水质进行监测和判定,采用NAS提出的四步法模式对泉水进行健康风险评价。结果:矿泉水中除含有钙、钾、钠等常见元素外还包含偏硅酸、锂、锶、硒等微量元素,在6例样品中发现1例砷含量超标,5例氟含量超标,砷的最大浓度为0.02mg/L,氟的最大浓度为1.41mg/L。经计算,砷的超额健康风险值为:4.34×10-5,氟为:0.25×10-6。结论:泉水中含有有益健康的微量元素,作为销售矿泉水饮用,水中的砷和氟化物不会对人体产生超额的健康风险。考虑到部分人群可能会将此矿泉水作为生活用水使用,建议矿泉水生产企业在该泉水出厂前对其进行降氟处理。

[ Objective] To make clear the major constituents of spring water in one of cities of Heilongjiang province, and then to assess the health risk on those substances with excessive levels, this paper give a proposal on management recommendations. [ Methods ] ＂Sanitary standard for drinking water＂ （GB5749 -2006）, as well as ＂The Quality Standard of Underground Water＂ （ GB/T14848 - 93） Ⅲ were adopted to evalute the spring water quality, and then the Four - Step health risk assessment method proposed by NAS were taken for assessing the health risk of the spring water. [ Results] Mineral water contains not only the elements such as calcium, potassium, sodium, but also the metasilicic acid, lithium, strontium, selenium, and other trace elements. In our six samples, one case was found with excessive arsenic, while five cases were found with excessive fluorine. The maximum concentrations of arsenic were 0.02 mg/L, and and fluorine 1.41mg/L. The excess health risk value of arsenic and was 4. 34 × 10^-5 by evaluation, with fluorine was 0. 25 × 10^-6. [ Conclusion] The spring water contains the trace elements beneficial to health, and the arsenic and fluoride in water can not cause the health risk. hence, we suggest defluoridation measurement should be done by manufacturer enterprises before supply.