内蒙古自治区某地城乡空巢老年人孤独感与生命质量关系的比较研究

Comparative study on the relationship between loneliness and the quality of life of urban and rural absent parents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

目的 探讨内蒙古自治区某地城乡空巢老年人孤独感与生命质量的关系,以及城乡空巢老年人孤独感的影响因素.方法 采用一般资料调查表、UCLA孤独量表及健康调查简表（SF-36量表）对内蒙古自治区某地441例城乡空巢老年人人口学资料、孤独感及生命质量状况进行调查.结果 与城市空巢老年人相比,农村空巢老年人孤独感水平更高,差异有统计学意义,t=4.607,P＜ 0.01;生命质量总分及各维度得分更低,差异有统计学意义,P＜ 0.05.城乡空巢老年人孤独感得分与生命质量各维度得分呈显著负相关,P＜0.01.回归分析表明,健康状况（t=8.849、10.160,P＜ 0.01）、婚姻状况（t=3.174、6.536,P＜ 0.01）、经济收入（t=-3.271、-5.615,P＜0.01）是影响城乡空巢老年人孤独感的主要因素;受教育程度（t=-5.669,P＜ 0.01）亦是影响城市空巢老年人孤独感的主要因素.结论 与城市空巢老年人相比,农村空巢老年人孤独感更加明显,生命质量更低;孤独感水平影响空巢老年人的生命质量;城乡空巢老年人孤独感水平受多方面因素影响,应将健康状况欠佳、单身、受教育程度较低及经济收入较低的空巢老年人作为重点干预的被试.

Objective To know the relationship between loneliness and the quality of life of urban and rural absent parents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,clear the influence factors of loneliness in the absent parents.Methods 441 cases of urban and rural absent parents were selected from the Chifeng district of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were valuated with the general information questionnaire,UCLA Loneliness Scale and MOS 36 item short form health survey （SF-36）.Results Rural cases had a higher level of loneliness when compared with the urban cases,t=4.60,P〈0.01.There were significant differences in the general score and the scores of each dimension between the two groups,P〈0.05.Loneliness score was significantly negative correlation with the quality of life in all dimensions,P〈0.01.Regression analysis showed that health,marital status,income and the education level were the main influence factor of loneliness in the urban and rural absent parents.Conclusions Compared with the urban absent parents,rural cases had more obvious loneliness and lower quality of life.Loneliness levels influence the quality of life of absent parents.Loneliness condition of urban and rural absent parents were influenced by various factors,the cases with characteristic of frail,single,low education level and poor economic condition should be the focus group to intervene.