从单一身份到多重身份:身份视角下的我国民族政策反思

FROM SINGULAR IDENTITY TO MULTIPLE IDENTITIES:RETHNIKING CHINECE ETHNIC POLICY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF IDENTITY

关于我国民族政策的研究,要么简单式地描述民族政策的演变和实践状况,要么在现有民族政策体系的框架内进行个案研究,缺乏对民族政策的设计逻辑进行反思,亦缺乏对我国民族政策实践中存在问题的深刻和系统认识。本文从身份视角对民族政策设计的内在逻辑进行探讨,提出"身份—民族关系—民族政策"的分析框架和从"单一身份"到"多重身份"的政策框架,对我国民族政策的现有实践进行分析。指出我国民族政策是对"民族身份"这一单一身份的制度性强化,在实践中造成了民族关系的紧张、民族认同与国家认同的紧张。在多元社会、开放社会和社会变迁的大背景下,民族政策建构应基于多重身份的逻辑。最后,提出了从单一身份到多重身份的民族政策路径选择。

The study of Chinese ethic policies has always been conducted either as a simple description of the evolution and practice of ethic policies,or a mere case study in the framework of existing ethnic policy system without introspecting of the design logic of ethnic policies and lacking a deep and systematic understanding of the problems existed in the practice of ethic policies in China. This thesis approaches the internal logic of policy designing and analyzes the present practice of Chinese ethic policy from the perspective of identity. It puts forward an analytical framework of ‘identity- ethnic relation- ethnic policy’and a policy framework from singular identity to multiple identities. It points out that the ethnic policy of China strengthens the ethnic identity and leads to tensions in ethnic relations and that between the national and state identity in practice. In the grand context of diverse and open society and social change,construction of ethnic policy should be based on the logic of multiple identities. At last,it proposes a path for choice of ethnic policy from singular identity to multiple identities.