特长公路隧道斜井、竖井设计技术与经验

Design of Inclined Shafts and Vertical Shafts of Super-long Highway Tunnels

为解决特长公路隧道斜井、竖井设计中方案比选多、工作繁琐及技术要求高的难题,结合龙潭隧道、大坪山隧道、乌池坝隧道斜井和竖井设计实践,总结和研究斜井、竖井的布置,斜井、竖井方案的比选,斜井倾角与提升方案的选择,斜井与联络风道相交设计及竖井施工方案等关键技术。主要得出如下结论:1)斜井、竖井的布置应利用地形、地质条件,灵活设计;2)斜井、竖井方案比选需改变"竖井通风阻力小,优于斜井"的惯性思维;3)不应仅考虑施工便利而选择缓坡斜井,增加建设成本和运营通风费用;4)斜井与联络风道相交宜采用分岔布置式,虽结构复杂,但风流顺畅;5)反井法具有降低劳动强度和施工成本,提高机械化施工水平的优点。

The design of the inclined shafts and vertical shafts of super-long highway tunnels is a complex work. In the paper,the construction technologies,including layout of inclined shafts and vertical shafts,selection of inclined shafts and vertical shafts,selection of angle and hoisting method of inclined shafts,design of connection section between inclined shaft and ventilation gallery,and the construction of inclined shaft,are summarized and studied,with the design of the inclined shafts and vertical shafts of Longtan tunnel,Dapingshan tunnel and Wuchiba tunnel as examples.Conclusions drawn are as follows： 1） The landform and geological conditions are important factors to be considered in the selection of inclined shafts and vertical shafts. 2） The conventional concept that the vertical shaft is superior to the inclined shaft due to the less ventilation friction in the shaft should be changed. 3） It should be avoided that inclined shafts with gentle slopes are adopted only due to the convenience in construction,which may increase the construction cost and the operation ventilation cost. 4） Fork-type connection,which,although complex in structure,is favorable for smooth air flow,should be adopted between the inclined shaft and the ventilation gallery. 5） The labor working intensity and construction cost can be reduced,and the construction mechanization can be improved by using raise-boring method.