从南安有声数据库的语法调查看话题优先型语言

A Study on the Topic-prominent Language Based on the Grammatical Survey of Nan'an Dialect Audio Database

话题是句法概念,也是语用学概念,汉语是话题优先型语言。本文以南安有声数据库语法例句为基础,比较普通话及南安方言话题的前置类型及语义角色,认为普通话施事的语义角色较易成为话题,南安方言除受事外,表施事、与事、时间、范围、工具、处所的语义角色也较易成为话题;南安方言比起普通话,话题与主语未重合状况较多,话题出现,主语不出现的情况也较为常见,因而得出结论:汉语的话题优先特点,南安方言比普通话更具代表性。

Topic is a syntactic concept as well as a pragmatic concept.The academia takes Chinese as a topic-prominent language.Based on the study of grammatical illustrative examples from the Nan’an dialect audio database,the present thesis analyzes the topic-fronted types and semantic roles in Nan’an dialect.In Mandarin Chinese the agent semantic role has a greater tendency to be the topic,while in Nan’an dialect the semantic roles as the agent,the recipient,the experiencer,the time,the source,the instrument as well as the location can all act as the topic.Two phenomena appear more often in Nan’an dialect than in Mandarin Chinese：first,there are more non-overlaps of the topics and the subjects;second,there are more sentences with the topics but no subjects.Conclusions can be drawn from the former situations that the Chinese topic-fronted feature is more typical in Nan’an dialect than that in Mandarin Chinese.