珠海市艾滋病病毒感染者及艾滋病患者关怀服务需求调查分析

Demands for HIV/AIDS care service in Zhuhai

目的了解HIV/AIDS病例(HIV/AIDS)在艾滋病相关健康信息、情感支持和医疗保障方面的需求状况,为制定艾滋病关怀支持政策提供依据。方法于2013年8—12月采用自行设计的调查问卷,对可追踪随访到的居住在珠海的所有年龄≥18岁的HIV/AIDS病例进行问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学信息、感染途径、检测和治疗、艾滋病相关健康信息需求、情感支持需求以及医疗保障需求等。结果共有480例HIV/AIDS病例符合要求,最终共调查HIV/AIDS病例436例,病例平均年龄(36.9±10.7)岁,75.0%病例为男性,以初中文化程度(36.7%)、月均总收入≤3 000元(68.8%)、在职者(74.8%)为主。436例调查对象的感染途径以异性性接触感染为主,占44.0%。已接受艾滋病抗病毒药物治疗者占75.7%。40.1%调查对象比较了解艾滋病预防知识,20.4%比较了解心理减压知识,19.3%比较了解艾滋病治疗及药物相关知识,15.8%比较了解营养保健知识,13.1%比较了解社会医疗保障政策。49.5%、38.1%病例分别通过咨询医生、浏览网络获取相关信息。不同感染途径和居住地的HIV/AIDS病例在信息获取主要途径方面差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。59.9%的病例最希望得到家人的支持。不同感染途径病例得到家人支持比例差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。68.6%的病例参加了社会医疗保险,参加医保病例自述生活质量受到负面影响的比例[36.5%(109/299)]低于未参保患者[48.2%(66/137)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论珠海市被调查的HIV/AIDS病例对艾滋病相关健康信息掌握较少,情感支持和医疗保障等方面的关怀服务需求受到多种因素的影响,应结合需求评估的结果,有针对性地为HIV/AIDS病例提供关怀支持服务。

Objective To analyze the care needs of HIV/AIDS on AIDS-related health information,emotional support,and health care assurance to provide the basis for the development of HIV / AIDS care and support policies. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate individuals living with HIV / AIDS who could be tracked in Zhuhai. The survey contents included demographic information,route of infection,detection and treatment,and demands for HIV / AIDS-related health information,emotional support,and medical insurance. Results A total of 436 HIV / AIDS cases were investigated and their average age was（ 36. 9 ± 10. 7） years. Among all the cases,75. 0% were male,36. 7% had educational level at the junior middle school,68. 8% had average monthly gross income ≤3 000 Yuan,and74. 8% were incumbent; 44. 0% were infected through heterosexual transmission,75. 7% had accepted the antiretroviral therapy,40. 1% had a better understanding of HIV / AIDS prevention knowledge,20. 4%had the knowledge of psychological decompression,19. 3% knew the knowledge of HIV / AIDS treatment and medicines,15. 8% understood nutrition knowledge,13. 1% knew about social medical insurance policy;49. 5% obtained related information through consulting physicians and 38. 1% through visiting the internet,and there were significant differences in the ways to obtain the information for HIV / AIDS cases in different routes of infection and different residence（ P〈0. 01 for all）; 59. 9% hoped to get the support from their families,and the proportions that the cases could get family support were different from different routes of transmission（ P〈0. 01）; 68. 6% participated in social medical insurance,and the percentage that the quality of life was negatively affected in persons who participated in social medical insurance was lower than that in cases who did not（ 36. 5% [109 /299] vs. 48. 2% [66 /137]; P〈0. 01）. Conclusion People living with HIV / AIDS knew less about the HIV / AIDS-related health information and many factors influenced their care demands for HIV / AIDS-related health information,emotional support,and health care assurance. Care service should be provided for them based on the demands assessment.