基于身体伦理视角的人体器官交易合法化辩驳

Refutation of Legalization of Human Organ Trade Based on the Inspection of Body Ethics

19至20世纪,经尼采、福柯、梅洛-庞蒂等思想家的努力,长期被遮蔽、被规训的身体,终于觉醒并恢复了其之于人的主体性地位。然而,猖獗的地下器官交易黑市却让人的身体陷入可被随意肢解和买卖的困境。针对此,部分人提出了"人体器官交易合法化"的主张,认为这是解决器官资源短缺、消灭地下黑市、维护器官交易双方利益的不二之选。但是,从身体伦理视角来审视,人体器官不具备商品的根本属性,漠视了供体的身体健康及身体权,对公民身体权处置不当,所以"人体器官交易合法化"绝非良策。解决这一难题,重点是要完善器官捐献体系,确保器官资源分配的公开、公正与透明,加强身体伦理教育,促使公众树立正确的身体观。

From 19th to 20th centaury,thanks to the philosophers of Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche,Michel Foucault and Maurice Merleau -Ponty,human body,which had long been hidden and disciplined,has finally been awakened and regained its preliminary position to human beings.However,the rampant underground black market of organ trading has set the human body to the dilemma of arbitrary dismemberment and trade.Targeting at this issue,some people put forward the idea of ＂legalizing the human organ trade＂as the best resolution to the problem of organ resource shortage for the purpose of eliminating underground black market and safeguard the in-terests of both sides of the trade.But from the perspective of human body ethics,the basic attributes of commodity that can be used in trading on human organs exists nowhere.This idea ignores the health condition and the right of the source body.It is an improper disposal of the citizenˊs body right.Therefore,＂legalizing the human organ trade＂is definitely an unsuitable approach.To solve this problem,the fundamental principle is to improve the or-gan donation system to insure that the organ resources are in an open,fair and transparent distribution mode and the education of body ethics should be enhanced to help the public to establish a decent view on human body.