西方工程职业伦理章程建立的逻辑理路分析

An Analysis on the Logic of Western Engineering Professional Ethics Codes

考察西方工程伦理研究的发展历程可以发现,"将公众的安全、健康和福利放在首位"的伦理意识奠定了各职业社团工程伦理章程"向善"的基本价值准则。进而,工程活动中诸多"向善"的伦理意识经过抽象与凝练,形成以"责任"为核心的工程伦理规范体系,并赋予工程师多种"他律"的道德要求。为避免可预测的工程风险,规范要求工程师"遵行"工程伦理章程中所载明的多样责任。向善—他律—遵行,构成了西方工程职业伦理章程建立的逻辑理路。但是,这种逻辑理路将现代道德哲学的本质特点全面贯彻其中,使得工程职业伦理章程建立初始就因工程实践与人类伦理生活的复杂性而有着内在局限。

Through the investigation of the development of western engineering ethics,we found that essen-tial criteria were established by the awareness of putting the safety,health and welfare of the public in the first place where the idea of ＂goodness＂in professional societies is required.Thus,varieties of these ideas derive form an ethic system which focus on responsibility and put forward many requirements about heteronomy of engi-neers.To avoid predictable construction risk,the criterion requires an engineer to obey diverse responsibilities in the ethic codes of engineering.“Goodness,heteronomy and obedience”constitute the logic of the establish-ment of western engineering professional ethics codes.However,this kind of logic fully implements the essential characteristics of modern moral philosophy within itself,thus producing in itself internal limits due to the engi-neering practices and the complexity of humanˊs moral life at the very beginning of its establishment.