对虾地膜精养池浮游生物的时空差异

Spatial and Temporal Difference in Distribution of Plankton in Film-lined Shrimp Ponds

通过研究整个养殖周期地膜对虾养殖池浮游生物种类、数量及空间分布,探索浮游生物的时空差异。结果显示：整个养殖周期,浮游植物共8门46种,绿藻门15种,硅藻门9种,蓝藻门9种,隐藻门2种,裸藻门2种,黄藻门3种,甲藻门2种,金藻门4种。养殖前期优势种多为绿藻和硅藻;养殖中后期优势种多为蓝藻和绿藻;个体数量呈螺旋式上升,中期达最大,变化范围为3.01×107--1.45×108cell·L-1。浮游动物共4类28种,原生动物16种,轮虫类8种、桡足类2种,其他浮游幼虫2种。养殖前期优势种多为原生动物、轮虫类及桡足类;养殖中后期优势种多为原生动物和轮虫,密度随时间推移逐渐增大,变化范围为0.49×103cell·L-1--10.4×103cell·L-1。浮游生物空间分布：垂直分布差异不显著（P〉0.05）;水平区域分布差异显著（P〈0.05）,且个体总数大小排序是：D区（中心区）〉C区（近中心区）〉B区（近边缘区）〉A区（池塘边缘区）。虾池浮游生物的多样性指数和优势集中性指数均较低：浮游植物分别为1.69～1.76和0.36～0.44,浮游动物分别为1.39～1.46和0.3～0.34。浮游生物的时空差异间接体现了对虾地膜养殖池中水质变化情况。

The species, quantity and spatial distribution of plankton during the shrimp culture cycle were observed in plastic-film-lined shrimp ponds from April to July 2012 at Haikou, Hainan, China to explore the spatial and temporal differences in plankton distribution in the shrimp ponds. During the shrimp culture there were 46 species under 8 phylums of phytoplankton in the shrimp ponds, including 15 species under the phylum chlorophyta; 9 under diatoms or cyanophyta; 2 under cryptophyta, euglenophyta, or dinoflagellates; 3 under xanthophyta, 4 under chrysophyta. The dominant species were mostly under chlorophyta and bacillariophyta at the early stage of shrimp cutlure but mostly under cyanobacteria and chlorophyta at the mid and late stages. Their numbers of individuals of the phytoplankton were increased spirally and to the maximum at the mid stage of the culture, ranging from 3.01× 107 to 1.45×108 cell/L. There were 28 species under 4 types of zooplankton ： 16 species under protozoa, 8 under rotatoria, 2 under copepods and 2 species of larvae under other types of zooplankton. The dominant species were mostly under protozoa, rotatoria and copepods at the early stage of culture but mostly under protozoa and rotaria at the late stage of culture. The density of zooplankton increased gradually over time at the range of 0.49 × 103 cell ～ L- 1～ 10.4 × 103 cell . L- 1 Spatial distribution of plankton had no significant difference in vertical distribution （ P 〉 0.05 ） but had significant differences in horizontal distribution （P 〈 0.05 ） with the total number of individ- uals of plankton being in the order of D （ central area of the pond） 〉 C （ near the central area） 〉 B （ near the marginal area） 〉 A （marginal area） area. The indexes of both diversity and dominance concentration of plank- ton were lower in the shrimp ponds, ranging betweenl. 69 - 1.76 and 0.36 - 0.44 for phytoplankton, respec- tively and 1.39 - 1.46 and 0.3 ～ 0.3 for zooplankton, respectively. Spatial and temporal differences in plankton distributionindirectly reflected the change of water quality in the film-lined shrimp ponds.