不同形貌纳米NiO结构的可控性研究

Progress on preparation of nickel oxide nanostructures with different morphologies

为了研究可作为超级电容器电极材料的纳米结构Ni O的不同形貌,以镍盐和尿素为原料,采用水热法合成纳米级Ni O.利用X线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征所合成的纳米结构.结果表明:以Ni(NO3)2·6H2O为原料所合成的Ni O具有"花状"结构;反应温度的升高对Ni O表面形貌的影响不大;随着反应时间的增加,纳米结构Ni O薄片的厚度也随之增加;通过加入一定量的NH4F可以控制合成一定形貌的Ni O,说明NH4F不仅具有提高反应速率的作用,还可以调节反应的稳定性,有利于形成"花状"结构的Ni O.纳米结构Ni O形成过程中,由于极强的各向异性,优先形成片状纳米结构,再由于自组装特性,进而形成"花状"结构的Ni O.

In order to study the different morphology of nanostructures NiO which is super capacitor electrode material, the NiO nanoparticles were prepared by the hydrothermal method using nickel salts and urea. The nanostructures were character- ized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The re-suhs show that the NiO obtained by Ni（ NO3）2· 6H2O possesses the ＂flower-like＂ structure; the changes of the surface mor- phology are not obvious with the increase of reaction temperature; the thickness of NiO nanostructures also increases with the increase of the reaction time ; the morphology of NiO can be easily synthesized by adding a certain amount of NH4F, which shows that NH4F is not only improving the reaction rate, but also adjusting the stability of reaction and helping to form the ＂flower-like＂ structure NiO. In the formation process of nanostructures NiO, the sheet nanostructures are first formed due to the strong anisotropy, and the ＂flower-like＂ structure NiO are then formed due to the independent characteristics.