体力劳动者职业紧张与工作能力相关关系研究

Research on the correlations between occupational stress and working ability among manual workers

目的了解体力劳动者职业紧张和工作能力状况以及两者之间的相关关系。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取900名不同行业的体力劳动者,采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R)和工作能力指数量表(WAI)进行问卷调查。结果不同年龄、工龄、学历和婚姻状况的体力劳动者在ORQ得分上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同年龄、学历的体力劳动者在PSQ得分上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄、工龄、婚姻和收入的体力劳动者在PRQ得分上差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);而不同性别、年龄、工龄、婚姻状况和收入的体力劳动者WAI得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同紧张组工作能力分级差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。工作能力与职业任务紧张和个体紧张反应均呈负相关(P<0.01),而与个体应对资源呈正相关(P<0.01)。多元线性回归结果显示体力劳动者工作能力水平的主要影响因素有任务不适、年龄、工作环境、心理紧张反应、自我保健和业务紧张反应(P<0.05)。结论职业紧张对体力劳动者工作能力有重要影响,降低体力劳动者紧张水平和增强个体应对能力是提高体力劳动者工作能力的有效措施。

Objective To find out the correlationships between the occupational stress and working ability among manual workers on the basis of the survey on their current situation of their occupational stress and working ability.Methods Questionnaire surveys of Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised （OSI-R）and Work Ability Index （WAI）were conducted on 900 manual workers selected randomly from different in-dustries by means of the cluster stratified random sampling.Results There were statistically significant differences in ORQ scores in age,length of service,education and marital status （P 〈0.01）.There were also statistically significant differences in PSQ scores in age and degree among manual workers′（P 〈0.05）.The statistical significance was found in PRQ scores in age,length of service,marriage and income of laborers （P 〈0.01）.While statistical significance of difference in WAI score was found in different gen-der,age,length of service,marital status and income （P 〈 0.01 ）.There was statistically significant difference in tension group working ability grading （P 〈0.01）.The working ability was negatively correla-ted with the occupation task tension and the individual stress response （P 〈0.01）,while it was positively correlated with the coping resources （P 〈0.01）.The resullt of multiple linear regression revealed that the main influence factors of physical working ability level included the task of discomfort,age,work environ-ment,psychological stress reaction,self health care,and business strain （P 〈0.05）.Conclusion This survey indicated a significant influence of the occupational stress on manual workers′working ability and it′s suggested to improve their working ability by reducing the occupational stress and enhancing the coping capacity.