时空价值理论下的停车场定价机制——以北京为例

Parking Pricing Mechanism and the Theory of Space-time Value:With special reference to Beijing

停车场是车辆的互补品。按所有权分类,可分为私有停车场、专有停车场、集体停车场,其经济属性分别是私人物品、公共物品、准公共/私人物品。集体停车场中的路外停车场具有正外部性,路内停车场具有负外部性。根据停车场的经济属性,其定价原则应为一致原则和市场原则。根据市场原则选择时空价值为立足点,运用时空价值分析与经济物品定价模型,可找到停车场的"市场出清价",以理顺停车场定价机制,为停车场定价政策的制定提供经济依据。

As a necessity for vehicles, parking lots are classified into private and collective ones and the parking lots for special uses in terms of its ownership. Their economic attributes are private, public and quasipublic/quasi-private goods separately. Among the collective parking lots, off-street parking has positive ex- ternalities, and on-street parking negative. According to the economic attributes, parking pricing should follow the principles of consistency and market. Then the spatial-temporal value should be chosen in accordance with the market principle. An analysis with the spatial-temporal value and the pricing models for economic goods can help find the ＂market clearing price＂ for the parking lots. It is hoped that this study can sort out parking pricing mechanism and provide an economic foundation for parking pricing policies.