话语角色分配/识别与(不)礼貌现象分析

Assignment / Recognition of Conversational Roles and( Im) politeness Research

传统的礼貌研究大多局限于"说话者——听者"的两方交际框架中,当前的后现代礼貌研究虽然开始关注多方语境中的面子维护和威胁行为,但受到Brown&Levinson的面子理论的影响,大多仍然在言语行为理论的基础上探讨(不)礼貌现象。对英汉语语料的分析表明,多方交际中话语角色的分配和识别也是说话者和听者实施(不)礼貌行为的交际策略。说话者可以通过显性或隐性的角色分配手段来维护或威胁听者的面子,或增强/减轻面子威胁和维护的程度,而听者可以通过识别或拒绝识别自己的话语角色来实施对说话者或其他听者的(不)礼貌行为。

Traditional politeness research has largely been framed in a dyadic model of communication. Although the post - modem researchers have noticed the influence of polylogual context on face enhancing/ threatening acts, they basically follow Brown ＆ Levinson＇ s face theory and study （im）politeness in the speech acts performed in the utterances. By analyzing five episodes of polylogues, this article proposes that the assignment and recognition of conversational roles can also be employed as an （ira）polite strategy in polylogual interaction. To be specific, the speaker can assign the conversational roles implicitly or explicitly to threaten or enhance the hearer（s）＇ face, or merely intensify or attenuate the threat and enhancement; while for a hearer in polylogual contexts, recognizing or refusing to recognize his or her role can be employed as a strategy of showing （ira）politeness to the speaker as well as the other hearers.