学习者认知图式个体差异与英语个性化教学

Individual Differences of Learners' Cognitive Schema and Individualized English Teaching

图式是储存在人们记忆中的相互联系、相互作用的一种知识结构,是一种思维框架或"背景"知识,是人们从自身的经历、阅历中获得的对世界的一种认识。由于诸多因素,学习者的图式体系存在着个体差异,因此在英语教学中,教师不仅要注重调动学生已有的知识储备,激发学生的求知欲望,更要关注、理解和尊重学习者认知图式的个体差异,及时了解学生的心理路程,进而因势利导,有针对性地构建其世界图式与内容图式,提高学生自主学习能力和英语运用能力。教育个性化已成为当代高等教育的发展趋势,学习者图式个体差异研究亦成为外语教学与研究的焦点之一。

Schema is a knowledge framework stored in people＇ s memory. As the mental framework or ＂background＂ knowledge, schema is formed through people＇ past experience. Due to various factors, there are individual differences between students＇ schema system. Thus, in English teaching, teachers should not only focus on the mobilization of students＇ existing knowledge and the stimulation of students＇ desire for knowledge, but also pay close attention to their individual differences and offer enough under- standing and respect, so as to keep abreast of students＇ psychological journey. Therefore, in the teach- ing process, students＇ world schemata and content schemata can be built accordingly. Students＇ lan- guage competence and autonomous learning ability can be promoted. It can＇ t be denied that the personal- ized education has become the trend of the contemporary higher education; thus, the study of learners＇ schema differences is becoming the research focus of current foreign language teaching and research.