马克思恩格斯论人与自然界的关系——兼评环境法的哲学基础

Marx and Engels' s Theory of Human and Nature Relationships—— Philosophy Foundation of Environmental Law

马克思恩格斯关于人与自然界关系的理论,是为其无产阶级革命和人类解放运动服务的,他们总的立论取向是把人与自然界之间矛盾的和解纳入人与人之间的社会关系中解决,将人与人的关系和人与自然界的关系的和解统一在共产主义社会里,而不是统一在环境法里。在马克思恩格斯看来,在调整人与自然界之间矛盾关系方面,法永远也不能超越资产阶级生产方式的历史局限性。当今世界出现严重的环境问题,主要是由资本的贪婪造成的。体现资本意志的国家及其立法者,不可能从根本上去反对资本的掠夺意志。

Marx and Engels’s theory of man and nature relationships serves the proletarian revolution and the movement of human liberation. The theory’s primary goal is to reconciliate conflicts between man and nature within scope of social relations between people, to unit relationships among people with reconciliation between human and nature into the Communist society (not in the environmental law). In views of Marx and Engels, in the adjustment of contradiction between man and nature, law can never overcome the historical limitations of the capitalist production mode. Nowadays’ serious environmental issues are mainly caused by the capital’s greed. States standing for capital will and its legislation agencies can not fundamentally opposed to capital will plunder.