美国研究型大学开放教育资源发展的路径选择:基于大学文化差异性的分析

Path Selection of American Research University OER Development:Based on Difference Analysis of University Culture

大学的理想和追求可以视为大学文化的共性或一般性,而反映在一个个现实存在的大学机构中的是其大学文化的差异性。大学文化的差异性意味着美国研究型大学在开放教育资源运动中理应扮演更加重要的角色,无论在能力、责任,还是在必要性上都能够更好地促进开放教育资源的发展。同时,美国研究型大学充分考虑到大学文化的差异性,根据文化与开放教育资源发展的作用机制,针对不同的大学文化作用采取了不同的发展路径,包括多元化的运作模式、多元化的资源开发类型和多元化的资源应用形式,从而实现了开放教育资源的多元化发展。美国研究型大学的开放教育资源发展也面临一些棘手的问题,其问题只是依靠大学文化作用是无法有效解决的。

The ideal and pursuit of university can be regarded as the similarity or generality of university cultural,and the difference of university cultural can be reflected in university organizations in reality. The difference of university cultural means American research university should play a more important role in the OER movement,American research university can better promote the OER development regardless of the ability,respon-sibility,or necessity. At the same time,American research university adopted the differentdevelopment paths according to the mechanism of action of culture and OER developmentwhich give full consideration to the differences of university culture,including diversifiedmode of operation,diversified resources development type and diversified resources application form,so as to realize the diversification development of OER.Certainly,the OER development of American research universities are facing some tough questions,just rely on university culture is not an effective solution.