当前危机的长期根源：凯恩斯主义、紧缩主义和马克思主义的解释

The Long Roots of Present Crisis:Keynesians,Austerians and Marx's interpretation

导致资本主义经济危机的根本原因是资本赢利能力不足,但凯恩斯主义者和紧缩主义者(紧缩政策的支持者)都不承认这一点。因此,他们解决危机的办法在现实中都难以奏效。凯恩斯主义者主张通过国家支持的刺激计划(再分配政策、货币政策和财政政策)来促进经济增长,但这并不能克服资本主义固有的利润率下降趋势,所以凯恩斯主义的政策并不成功。紧缩主义者希望通过缩减债务来提高赢利能力以刺激经济增长,但这些措施同样也不起作用。这些结论尤其适用于正处于危机中的衰弱的欧元区经济。我们通过对阿根廷的研究发现,2001年经济危机后,阿根廷的经济之所以恢复了增长,并不是由于竞争性的货币贬值政策所导致的,而是由于新的效率更高、剥削率更高、有机构成更低的资本代替了先前遭到破坏的生产资本。

The ultimate cause of crises in capitalism is lack of profitability.The Keynesian and Austerians(the supporters of austerity measures) deny this.So their solutions to crises do not work in reality.Keynesian state-supported stimulus programs(redistributive,monetary,and fiscal) to promote growth cannot overcome the underlying tendency for profitability to fall.The same holds for the policies of'austerity',which are designed to reduce debt and raise profitability.These conclusions are particularly applicable to the weaker Euro-zone economies in the midst of the Euro crisis.In a case study of Argentina,we argue that it was not competitive devaluation that restored growth after the 2001 crisis,but the the previously destructed productive capital replaced by the new capital that is more efficient and featured by higher rate of exploitation and lower organic composition.