两种方法提取的柠檬草挥发油化学成分分析

Analysis of Chemical Components in the Volatile Oils Extracted by Two Methods

采用超临界CO2萃取法(SFE)和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取柠檬草挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,并采用峰面积归一化法计算各组分相对百分含量,分析比较了2种不同提取方法提取的柠檬草挥发油化学成分的差异。从柠檬草超临界CO2流体萃取物中初步鉴定了40个成分,主要成分为亚油酸(28.82%)、香叶醛(13.52%)、棕榈酸(12.71%)、橙花醛(10.83%)、硬脂酸(3.23%)、柠檬醇(2.65%)、乙酸香叶酯(2.03%);从柠檬草水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油中鉴定了35个成分,主要成分为香叶醛(32.86%)、橙花醛(28.22%)、乙酸香叶酯(7.93%)、橙花醇(4.47%)、橙花叔醇(4.13%)、苯乙酸橙花酯(2.44%);两者共有成分21个。两种方法提取的柠檬草挥发油组分及其成分含量存在较大差异,超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油能更真实、全面地反映柠檬草中的化学成分。

In order to compare the chemical constituents of the volatile oil extracted from lemongrass by two kinds of methods, the volatile oils were exlracted by supercritical fluid exlraction （SFE） and water steam dis-dilation （SD）. The comtxments were separated and identified by GC-MS and the amounts of the components from the volatile oil were determined by peak area normalization method. There are 40 components in the lemongrass oil extracted by SFE which were identified by GC-MS. The major constituents were linoleic acid （28.82%）, gerauial （13.52%）, palmitic acid （ 12.71%）, neral （10.83%）, lemonol （2.65%） and geranyl acetate （2.03%）. There are 35 components from lemongrass oil by SD. The main constituents are geranial （32.86%）, neral （28.22%）, geranyl acetate （7.93%）, nerol （4.47%）, nerolidol （4.13%） and neryl phenylacetate （2.44%）. There are 21 components in common in both oils. The main chemical constituents in the supercritical extract and volatile oil from the lemongrass are different in types and content. The volatile oil extracted by SFE method can reflect the chemical components of lemongrass more accurately and more comprehensively.