农业高成本的影响及其对策研究

Study on Influence and Countermeasures of Agricultural High Cost

随着工业化、城镇化进程的加快,受资源约束、需求持续增加以及全球化的影响,农业投入品价格和农产品价格快速提升,标志着我国农业已进入高成本时代。分析表明,人工成本、土地价格、能源原材料和机会成本是推动农产品成本提高的根本因素。高成本不仅影响农业特定要素和公共要素的供给,而且影响农户投入行为、农产品供给机构及农民收入。在宏观经济新常态下,我国应对农业高成本应借鉴东亚国家和地区的实践经验,通过实行高农价、高补贴,适度扩大利用世界农业资源范围并发展高端农业,走高附加值之路。政府应从生产和供给层面建立长效机制,大力推动科技创新、推进农业机械化、发展适度规模经营和产业化发展,并合理运用"一揽子"政策工具,适时做好政策调整。

With the industrialization and urbanization process, affected by resource constraints, demand continues to increase and the globalization, the price of agricultural inputs and agricultural product quickly upgrade, China＇s agriculture has entered into the high cost era. The research showed that the labor cost, land price, energy and raw materials＇ prices and the opportunity cost were the most important factors to promote this situation. High cost not only affected the supply of agricultural specific and public elements, and influenced farmers＇ investment behavior, the structure of agricultural products supply and farmers＇ income. To deal with the high cost of agriculture in the new normal macroeconomic, China should learn from experience of other east Asian countries and regions, companied with the high agricultural prices and high subsidies, enlarging the scope of world agricultural resources and development of agricultural high value-added. Government should establish a long-term mechanism from the production and supply level, promote technological innovation and agricultural mechanization, develop an appropriate scale and industrialization, meanwhile, reasonably use ＂package＂ policy tools and timely make policy adjustments.