契约型农业组织决策权配置影响因素

Influencing Factors of Allocation of Decision Rights to Contract Based Agriculture Organization

契约型农业组织承担农产品生产和供给职能,对农业发展起积极推动作用。但契约不完全,势必导致组织稳定性低下、产品质量事故等问题频现。改变契约型组织的决策权配置,可以提高组织稳定性,增强产品质量的控制力度。在明晰各类契约型农业组织权力结构差异的前提下,以Williamson的交易成本理论为研究框架,通过8家畜禽生产企业验证,对各类契约型农业组织决策权配置影响因素进行对比分析。结果表明,不同契约型农业组织的差异在于企业和农户双方在生产环节中的决策权配置状况不同,而资产专用性、不确定性、交易频率、产品质量制度环境直接影响契约组织的决策权配置状况,进而影响契约型组织效率以及产品质量控制效果。

The contract based agriculture organizations make a series of contracts which are responsible for agricultural production and supply, and play an active promoting role in agriculture development in China. However, the incompleteness of contracts results in the instability of organizations and high frequency of agricultural product safety accidents. The stability of organizations can be also improved and the control power of organizations over the whole agricultural industry chain can be strengthened by adjusting the allocation of decision rights between enterprises and farmers. Under the precondition of clearing all kinds of compact power structure difference of agriculture organization, the paper compared and analyzed the allocation of decision rights to enterprises in agricultural contracts based on transaction costed theory and verifies results by multi-case studies of eight enterprises from livestock industry. The results showed that, the differences among agricultural organizations lied in decision rights allocation between enterprises and farmers in production processes. Different kinds of organizations reflected difference in the allocation of decision rights to enterprises. Assets specificity of enterprises, uncertainty, transaction frequency and institutional environment had direct effects on the allocation of decision rights to enterprises in agricultural organizations, and affected the organizational efficiency and product quality control.