球囊霉属3种AM真菌对香蕉枯萎病的影响

Effects of Three Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Fusarium Wilt of Banana

以巴西蕉（Musa AAA Giant Cavendish cv.Baxi）试管苗为材料,在温室盆栽条件下研究了丛枝菌根（Arbuscular Mycorrhiza,AM）真菌Glomus mosseae（Nicol.＆Gerd.）Gerdemann、G.aggregatum（Schenck＆Smith）Koske和G.etunicatum Becker＆Gerdemann对香蕉枯萎病（fusarium wilt of banana）的影响。结果表明：巴西蕉植株的菌根侵染率为23.13%~44.72%,接种AM真菌促进了巴西蕉植株的营养生长,显著地增加地上部分和根系的干重,显著减少根际土壤周围镰刀菌数量,对植株的株高、叶片数和叶片长度略有提高;降低香蕉枯萎病发病率和病情指数,从而减轻香蕉枯萎病的危害。单接种AM真菌显著促进巴西蕉植株地上和根部分P和K含量和吸收量;与单接种镰刀菌的植株相比,双接种混合AM真菌与镰刀菌处理能显著提高植株地上部分P的含量和吸收量及根系部分K的含量和吸收量。结果还表明,混合接种剂的生长防病效果好于单一接种剂。

Experiment was conducted with Musa AAA Giant Cavendish cv. Baxi cultivar grown under potted conditions. Influence of arbuseular mycorrhizal（AM）fungi Glomus mosseae（Nieol. ＆ Gerd.）Gerdemann, G. aggregaturn （Schenck ＆ Smith）Koske, G. etunicatum Becker ＆ Gerdemann on fusarium wilt of banana were studied. The results showed that mycorrhizal colonization of banana plantlets were 23.13%-44.72%. AM fungal inoculation promoted the vegetative growth of banana plantlets, significantly increased shoot and root dry matter, and significantly reduced the pathogen propagula in the rhizosphere soil, as well as disease incidence and disease index of fusarium wilt of banana. Plant height, leaf number and leaf length were also slightly increased due to AM fungal inoculation. AM fungal inoculation significantly elevated banana plantlet P and K shoot and root content and uptake. In contrast with banana plantlets inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum, double inoculation with mixture of AM fungi and F. oxysporum significantly elevated banana plantlet P shoot content and uptake, and K root content and uptake. The results also indicated that growth promotion and protection effect of mix of fungal species inoeulum was significantly better than that of single fungal species inoeulum.