注意缺陷多动障碍的实验动物模型

Experimental animal models in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

目的 以国内外2000-2014年发表的关于注意缺陷多动障碍（attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD）动物模型的文献,综述几种常见ADHD动物模型的优缺点,为今后研究ADHD的发病机制提供新思路.方法 2015年1月在中国知网、万方数据库、OVID、Pubmed等数据库,利用“注意缺陷多动障碍”“动物模型”等做检索词,分析国内外研究ADHD发病机制所使用的实验动物模型,每种实验动物模型的优缺点和研究价值.结果 文献纳入分析29篇,结果显示目前常用的ADHD实验动物模型有自发性高血压大鼠、多巴胺转运体基因敲除小鼠、缺失突变小鼠模型等遗传学模型,新生期六羟多巴胺损害的幼年大鼠模型、新生期大鼠缺氧模型、X线照射损伤大鼠海马模型等脑组织损伤模型和隔离饲养模型,每种动物模型都有研究ADHD发病机制的优缺点和特殊的研究价值.结论 本文系统评价了国内外研究比较常见的几种ADHD动物模型的特点,自发性高血压大鼠神经内分泌改变与ADHD儿童有一定程度的一致性,针对HPA轴深入探讨,寻找ADHD儿童与SHR动物模型在神经内分泌方面的一致性,有可能为研究ADHD发病机制开辟一条新路径.

Objective To review the advantages and disadvantages of common attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD） animal models,published in 2000-2014 at home and abroad,with an attempt to provide new ideas for the future study of the pathogenesis in ADHD.Methods Major online database including CNKI,Wan Fang databases,OVID,Pubmed databases were searched in January 2015,using the key words ＂ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder＂,＂ animal models ＂ and so on,to analysis the advantages and disadvantages of each type of experimental animal models and research value in ADHD.Results Totally 29 studies were enrolled,and the analysis show that the current commonly used experimental animal models of ADHD are spontaneously hypertensive rats,dopamine transporter gene knockout mice,lack of mutant mice model,neonatal 6 hydroxy dopamine damage of juvenile rat model,neonatal hypoxic rats model,X-ray irradiation injury model of rat hippocampus and other brain tissue damage model and isolated feeding model,and each animal model has the advantages,disadvantages and special research value of the pathogenesis of ADHD.Conclusion The specific pathogenesis of ADHD is unclear,but the neuroendocrine changes especially HPA axis attracted much attention in recent years.this paper summarizes the research at home and abroad comparison of several common animal models of ADHD.neuroendocrine changes in SHR and ADHD children have a certain degree of consistency in HPA axis,looking for ADHD children and SHR in neuroendocrine aspects of consistency is likely to open a new path to search the pathogenesis in ADHD.