在游戏与阴谋之间:中国古代“幻术”涵义的历史流变

Between the Game and Conspiracy:the Evolution About the Meaning of Huanshu of Ancient China

"幻术"是中国文化史中的重要概念,汉晋时期方术的盛行和西域幻戏的传入,其内涵分化为方士幻术和杂技幻术两个方面,并都具有迷惑意义。杂技幻术曾在唐代因胡汉民俗文化冲突而一度被禁,但作为表演性技艺本土化后,所蕴含的迷惑意味成为娱乐化的因素,成为后世中国传统戏法的重要代称。而方士幻术的迷惑意味却多与民间异端力量相联系,从宋代开始更具有反叛统治秩序的色彩,成为古代下层民众意图改变社会现实的重要手段和社会弱势群体的情感寄托。

Huanshu is an important concept in the history of Chinese culture. In the Han-Jin Dynasty, as the popularity of Arts of alchemy and the inflow of introduction of Western Huanxi, the meaning of Huanshu manifested with two aspects： alchemy Huanshu and acrobatics HuanShu, which were both confusing. Because the conflict of Hu-Han＇s folk culture, acrobatics Huanshu was once forbidden. But as the show skills, after integration into the Chinese culture, the acrobatics Huanshu contained confusing eletments, which became a entertaining factors, therefore became an important alternative name of later traditional Xifa. At the mean time, the alchemy Huanshu＇s contained confusing more related to the folk strength. From the Song Dynasty, because the alchemy Huanshu had the colors of against the ruling order, so became important means to change reality and emotional sustenance of lower people in ancient China.