阴山北麓农田防护林建设的若干探讨

Discussion on the Construction of Farmland Shelterbelt in the North Foothills of Yinshan Mountain

通过对内蒙古化德县农田防护林现状的调查以及当地生态环境的分析,指出农田防护林建设存在的问题。结合当地气候、水土条件、生态环境、树种的生态适应性与当地多年农田防护林建设的实践,得出适宜的农田防护林配置方式：①农田防护林宜选用灌木柠条和乔木白榆、小叶杨为主要造林树种。②北部丘陵防风固沙牧林区农田防护林宜采取窄林带小网格、灌木防护林带模式,南部丘陵滩川农牧林区农田防护林宜采取窄林带小网格、灌乔木带状混交防护林带配置方式。③林带结构宜为疏透型,种植密度不宜过大,最适疏透度为0.25-0.35。在网格南侧副林带留出风缺口,以减轻农田风蚀。④防护林配置时,其主林带方向应尽量与主风向垂直,主林带方向为近南北方向,副林带为近东西方向,充分考虑地貌条件,其配置走向应尽量与田块走向一致,与农田道路、渠系相结合,灵活配置。

The paper is based on the investigation of the farmland sheherbehs in Huade County, Inner Mongolia, the analysis of local ecological environment and the experience of shelterbelts construction. The results show ： （1）Caragana korshirukii, Ulmus pumila and Populus simonii are the most suitable species. （2）The north should take the shrubs protective mode and the south should take the narrow belt of small grid, ribbon and shrubs mixed shelter belt configuration mode. （3）The forest structure is thin transparent type. The optimal steam penetration is O. 25 to 0.35. To alleviate the land wind erosion, leave the wind gap in the south of auxiliary sbelterbelt. （4）The direction of the shelter forest is nearly north-south direction, and the auxiliary forest belt is nearly east-west. Its construction should be consistent with the strike of the bench border, combined with farmland road, canal system, considering the condition of landscape fully.