论佛典譬喻的“两柄多边”

The Two Handles and Many Sides of Metaphor in Buddhist Scriptures

譬喻是佛典中常用的说理方法。钱钟书在《管锥编》中提出了譬喻"两柄多边"的理论,是譬喻修辞研究的一项重要的理论创见,对于佛典譬喻研究极具启示意义。通过佛典中"风""花"譬喻之举隅,可以得出譬喻"两柄多边"现象在佛典中是普遍存在的。而这种现象形成的原因,除受制于譬喻事物本身和取譬者之外,更与佛"法"之二元分殊、佛典的性质以及印度文化的譬喻癖有关。

Metaphor is a common method of reasoning in the Buddhist scriptures, and the theory that a metaphor has two handles and many sides was put forward by Qian Zhong-shu in his Compilations of Tubes and Awls, which is an important original theory in the research of metaphor rhetoric that makes enlightening sense to the metaphor research of Buddhist scriptures. By the examples of‘Wind’ and‘Flower’ in Buddhist scriptures, we can see that the phenomenon that a metaphor has two handles and many sides is ubiquitous in Buddhist scriptures. This phenomenon is caused by the thing that serves as the vehicle of the subject that uses the metaphor, besides it also connects with the two elements division of dharma, the nature of Buddhist scriptures and the addiction to metaphor in the culture of India.