郭店楚简《穷达以时》天人关系新探

A Research about the Relationship of Heaven and Human in Qiongdayishi Chapter of Guodian Chu Jan

郭店楚简《穷达以时》以"孔子厄于陈蔡"一事作为发论的前提,是战国时期儒者探讨如何妥善处理政治理想与社会现实间矛盾的一篇专题性论文。在《穷达以时》中,"天"代表着主体的外在时遇,"人"代表着主体的道德实践和理性认知活动。简文虽然提倡"天人有分",认为天、人各有其领域和职分,天、人在价值上有主次,天人之间没有因果关系,但其理论前提却是"天人合一",即承认外在时遇对主体实践的深刻影响。简文的理论归宿是实现以人合天的天人合一状态,即处于主体理性自觉阶段的天人合一。

Guodian Chujian ＂Qiongdayishi＂ chapter which takes the incident of ＂Confucius trapped in Chen Cai＂ as the prerequisite of the discussion is a treatise which systematically explored the contradiction between politi- cal ideal and social reality by Confucian scholars during the Warring States Period. In ＂Qiongdayishi＂ chapter, ＂heaven＂ represents external opportunities, while ＂human＂ represents the subjects＇ moral practice and reasonable cognition. Although the chapter acclaims non - connection between heaven and human, it advocats ： （ 1 ） heaven and human have different fields of application ; （2） there are always the primary and secondary points in their values be- tween heaven and human;and （3） there is no causality between heaven and human. Its theoretical presupposition is the unity of Heaven and human, that is, it admitted the external opportunities had deep influence on the the sub- jects＇ moral practice and reasonable cognition. The end result of the chapter is to realize the unity of heaven and human at the level of the subjects＇ rational consciousness.