论清季外官改制中的地方政治转型——以江西省为中心的考察

Discussing on Local Political Transformation during Outside Officials Restructuring in the Late Qing Dynasty——Taking Jiangxi Province as the Center of Investigation

清季外官改制期间,省级政权的变革表现为行政机关的机构专门化、职责制度化,司法独立迈出艰难的第一步以及谘议局成为民众政治参与的新管道;州县级政权的变革表现为绅权从乡村向州县级政权的扩张,地方绅士成为州县级政权体系中的权绅。晚清政府引入三权分立原则,在推进地方政治转型的同时也经过了本土化的改造,绅权的转移开启了近代乡村社会控制弱化的历史进程,最终拉大了国家与民众的距离,使乡村社会陷入难于整合的危机。

During outside officials restructuring in the late Oing shown as specialized executive institutions and institutionalized res Dynasty, the change of the provincial regime was ponsibilities, difficult first step in judicial inde- pendence, and the Advisory Bureau became new pipeline of the popular political participation. The change of state and county government was shown as gentry power＇ s expansion from the village to the county. The local gentleman became the gentry of county - level political system. During the new Administration at late Qing Dynasty , the Government in- troduced the principle of separation of the three powers ,which promoted local political transformation after the locali- zation transformation. The gentry＇ s transfer opened the weakening of social control in modem history, which finally widened the distance between country and citizens ,trapped rural society into disintegration.