中国城市机动化发展情况及政策分析

Urban Motorization Development and Policy in China

中国城市机动车保有量持续快速增长对城市交通环境、交通承载能力、交通服务水平提出了新挑战。首先,基于不同国家、中国不同城市汽车保有量数据,分析中国城市机动化发展所处水平、机动化结构、机动化发展特点及增长趋势。探讨影响中国城市机动化发展的关键因素:汽车价格与人均GDP的比值、公共交通发展,以及汽车产业政策。最后,从公共交通政策导向作用、机动车限制性管理、步行和自行车交通方面评述中国城市交通政策,同时从国家政策、城市交通规划与实践、市民绿色出行意识培养等层面提出相关建议。

Continuous and rapid increase of automobile ownership in Chinese cities over the years presents challenges to urban transportation environment, transportation capacity and level of service. Based on the data of automobile ownership in different countries and the data in different cities of China, this paper ana- lyzes the development level, motorization structure, development characteristics and growth trend of mo- torization in Chinese cities. Key factors affecting urban motorization in China such as the ratio of car price to per capita GDP, public transportation development and policies on automobile industry are also dis- cussed. Finally, the paper reviews urban transportation policy in China from several aspects, including ori- entation of public transit policies, restrictive management on automobiles, and pedestrian and bicycle sys- tems. The paper also provides suggestions on national policy, urban transportation planning and practice, and green travel awareness of general oublic.