高等职业教育资源的区域差异及其演变趋势

Regional Differences and the Evolution Tendency of Higher Vocational Education Resources

运用院校数、毕业生数、在校学生数、师生比、生均经费等五个指标,对高职教育的区域差异进行实证研究。研究发现:(1)泰尔系数测算及其分解表明,以相对指标衡量的高职教育资源区域差异高于以总量指标衡量的区域差异;区域内差距是造成总体差距的主要来源。(2)探索性空间数据分析表明,以总量指标考量的高职教育资源存在显著的空间集聚现象,如果考虑人口因素,则相对指标并不存在显著的空间集聚。(3)Kernel密度估计显示,高职教育取得显著的发展,并趋于稳定状态。从生均教育经费看,各省差距呈现扩大的态势。从万人在校生数量看,各省差距呈现缩小的态势。

In this paper five indexes are used to do empirical research on the regional differences of Chinese higher vocational education, which are the number of vocational colleges, graduates, present students in colleges, teacher-student proportion and expenditure per student, etc. The research shows that： （1） According to the calculation and decomposition of Theil coefficients, the regional differences of higher vocational education resources measured by relative indicators are higher than those by aggregate indicators. The total difference is mainly caused by the differences within the region. （2） Exploratory spatial data analysis indicates that higher vocational education resources measured by aggregate indicators have remarkably agglomerated in space distribution. However, higher vocational education resources measured by relative indicators have not significant space conglomeration effect if we consid- er demographic factors. （3）Kernel density estimation indicates that higher vocational education has gained a fast development and tend to be stable. In terms of the provincial education spending per capita, the gap is taking on expansible situation. And in terms of the perspective of enrolled students 10 000 persons, the gap is tending to be reduced.