从“赤脚电工”到“电子包公”:中国电子信息产业的技术与劳动政治

From“Barefoot Electrician”to“Electronic Supervisor”:Technology and Labor Politics in the Information Industry in China

透过回溯电子信息科技的工业社会史,本文探访了中国社会主义建设及其转型的阶级—技术政治。本文将电子计算机视作具有文化和物质双重属性的技术中介。通过追踪与计算机的研发和使用相关的关键政策、事件、人物和产业文献,本文比较了"文革"和后"文革"时期的计算机技术政策话语和生产实践,进而探寻冷战架构下东西方技术政治之间的交锋,如何在被计算机所中介的生产关系与劳动关系中显影,并由此提出对中国改革开放的技术政治维度的探讨。从这个"闪回"中得到的知识,有助于我们将对今日中国信息产业和信息劳动的理解,重新纳入中国革命现代性的涨落之中。

By reviewing the social history of the IT industry,this article studies the class-technological politics in China's socialist construction and transformation. In this article,computer is viewed as a technological media with the dual property of culture and material. By tracking down the key policies,events,personalities and professional literature with regard to the research,development and application of computer,the article compares the policy rhetoric and practical production of computer technology during and after the Cultural Revolution,explores how the technological and political confrontations between east and west in the cold war are reflected in the media of computer production,and thereby proposes some researches in the technological and political dimensions of the reform and open-door policy in China. This historical'flashback'will enable us to contextualize our understanding of China's current IT industry and IT labor in the rise and fall of modern Chinese revolution.