报纸报道自杀事件失范现状分析

Newspaper reporting of suicide: compliance with WHO media guidelines

目的分析广东地区报纸报道自杀事件的失范现况,促进媒体对自杀事件的规范报道。方法以WHO媒体报道的原则及禁忌为标准,以广东地区具有代表性的5份报纸在2011年全年对自杀事件的报道对象,采用内容分析法从5个方面用27个条目进行分析。结果内容涉及自杀事件的报道总计453篇;99.1%的用词语准确地描述了自杀的结果;99.6%未使用"自杀成功"一词;1篇国外的报道将自杀理由归结为宗教原因。头版报道的新闻共51篇,占所有自杀报道的11.3%,版面中使用大字标题的报道共269篇,占59.4%;当自杀者为有一定社会地位者,置于头版和采用大字标题的比例高于普通民众(P<0.05);37.4%的报道有配图;68.7%详细描述了自杀的方法,96.7%描述了自杀地点;有9篇报道采用渲染的词句进行报道,有4篇报道涉嫌美化自杀行为。96.7%未提及与心理健康相关领域专家协商,52.1%的报道将自杀的原因简单归因,6.2%指出了自杀前有征兆,11.9%明确指出了与自杀相关的精神疾病。结论报纸对自杀事件报道存在较为严重的失范现象,需要编制适合我国社会文化背景的自杀事件报道规范,采取适当的策略提高媒体对规范的依从性。

Objective To assess w hether the new spaper reports of suicide in Guangdong province comply with standard reporting guidelines of World Health Organization（ WHO） for promoting standard reporting of suicide in mass media. Methods A total of 453 new spaper reports of suicide from 5 kinds of new spapers in 2011 were systematically assessed for compliance with the WHO media guidelines. Content analysis was conducted to evaluate each report on 5 domains and 27 parameters. Results The results found that some media characteristics complied with the WHO media guidelines. Of all the reports studied,99. 1% expressed the result of suicide exactly; 99. 6% referred to the suicide as a completed suicide but not a successful one; only one report attributed religious reason to the suicide. But there were a number of instances of non-compliance. For all the reports,11. 3% were on the front page and 59. 4% reported the suicide in a prominent w ay. Celebrity suicides were more often reported on front page and in a prominent w ay than others.There were 37. 4% of the reports reporting with photos or images,68. 7% reporting suicide method in detail,96. 7% reporting suicide location,52. 1% reporting mono-causality,6. 2% reporting risk indicators,and 11. 9% reporting mental disorder related to suicide,respectively. In addition,less than 4% of the reports included information on suicide prevention and helplines and 52. 1% reported the suicide in a simplistic w ay. Conclusion The majority of reports on suicides in newspapers in Guangzhou city did not comply with WHO standard guidelines of reporting. There is a strong need to evolve local guidelines and mechanisms for ensuring responsible reporting which has important implication in prevention of suicide.