日本“武士道”的发展阶段及结构特征

On the Development of Stages and Structural Characteristics of Japanese Bushido

武士道是日本封建社会独特的政治文化果实。它随着武士阶级的形成而出现,经历日本中世、日本近世、日本近代三个发展阶段,呈现出以制度化为内容支撑、道德化为外在表现、信仰化为精神核心的结构特征。随着日本封建社会的瓦解和武士阶级的消亡,武士道作为一种制度不复存在,武士道信仰却成为日本民族的精神资源,仍然影响着现代日本和日本人。

Bushi do is a unique political culture in the feudal Japan, which is formed with the rise of samurai class.It goes through three stages：the middle ages, the early modern period and the modern period.And its struc-tural features include a content supported by institutionalization, an external manifestation of morals, and spiritual core of beliefs.Bushido not only played a positive role in the development of Japan, but also imposed a negative in-fluence on it.With the demise of Japan feudal society and the collapse of Japanese samurai class, Bushido ceased to exist as a system.However, the belief of Bushido has become the spirit resource of Japanese nation, and is still imposing a deep influence on the modern Japan and the Japanese people.