全身麻醉药物分子靶点的研究进展

Advance of molecular targets for general anesthetics

背景全身麻醉药物通过增强抑制性神经传递和减弱兴奋性神经传递在中枢神经系统中发挥作用。兴奋性神经递质如谷氨酸和乙酰胆碱（acetylcholine，ACh）引起去极化，而抑制性神经递质如γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid，GABA）和甘氨酸通过超极化或分流兴奋性电流来降低突触后活性。目的探讨药物分子靶点在全身麻醉中的作用机制。内容就全身麻醉药物主要分子靶点作简要介绍。趋向针对麻醉药物分子靶点对全身麻醉的促进作用所进行的研究可能有助于研发出更有效且更安全的麻醉药。

Background General anesthetics produce widespread depression in the central nervous system by enhancing inhibitory neurotransmission and reducing excitatory neurotransmission. Excitatory neurotransmitters induce depolarization, such as glutamate and acetylcholine（ACh ）. Whereas inhibitory neurotransmitters reduce postsynaptic activity by byperpolarization or shunting excitatory currents, such as γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA） and glycine. Objective To investigate the mechanisms of drug molecular targets in general anesthesia. Content In this review, we briefly introduce the research progress of drug molecular targets of general anesthesia. Trend Studies on the contributions of anesthetic targets to general anesthesia may facilitate the development of more effective and safer anesthetics.