人权保护对国际民商事判决承认与执行的影响——以《欧洲人权公约》之适用为中心

Impact of Human Rights' Protection on Recognition and Enforcement of International Civil Judgments:Focusing Application of European Convention on Human Rights

作为国际私法制度的重要组成部分,国际民商事判决的承认与执行机制在便利国际民商事交往与稳定国际民事秩序方面,发挥着重要作用。为促进欧盟市场的一体化及有效运作,《布鲁塞尔条例Ⅰ》将确立欧盟内民商事判决承认与执行的自由流动机制,作为其最高目标。《布鲁塞尔条例Ⅰ》也因此已成为欧盟内部市场有效运作的重要保障。但欧盟内民商事判决并非完全是"自由流动"的。欧洲人权法院的实践表明,《欧洲人权公约》中相关程序性与实体性人权保护规则,会对欧盟内判决的承认与执行产生直接影响。因而,如何协调欧盟市场一体化之保障与基本人权之保护之间的冲突,在民商事判决的自由流动与基本人权的保护之间取得适当平衡,已成为欧盟国际私法上不可回避之课题。

As an important component of private international law, the recognition and enforcement of international civil judgments plays an important role in facilitating the international civil exchanges and stabilizing the international civil order. As an institutional guarantee for the effective functioning of the EU＇s internal market, the regime of the recognition and enforce- ment of judgments which based on Brussels I Regulation has placed the goal of free movement of judgments at the highest posi- tion. However, the movement of judgments is not absolutely free in EU. The practices of ECtHR have demonstrated that the member states should examine the judgments originating from other countries according to the relevant rules in ECHR in con- sideration of protecting the parties＇ human rights in international civil judgments. As a result, the relevant procedural and sub- stantive provisions for protection of human rights which stipulated in ECHR have a direct impact on recognition and enforce- ment of judgments within the EU. Therefore, how to deal with the conflicts between the security of integration of EU＇s inter- nal market and the protection of human rights, and further to achieve a proper balance between the free movement of judg- ments and the protection of fundamental human rights, which has become an unavoidable subject in EU private international law.