论明词用调对宋词的继承与新变

Inheritance and Innovation of Ci Tunes in Ming Ci from Song Ci

《全明词》及《全明词补编》收录词作24373首,使用668种词调,其中常用词调有57种,自创调103种。一方面,通过对明词用调情况的数据统计,可以得出以下结论:明代词坛绝非全为《花》、《草》所笼罩;明代自创调未能推广;明人作词在词调的选择上趋于集中而于小令尤为擅长。另一方面,将明词用调情况与宋词相比较,则可见明人选择词调的倾向性与宋人极为接近,而在继承的基础上又有所变化,主要表现为词调使用率排名的波动、部分词调使用领域的特定化以及对同一词调新旧体式的选择。

'The Whole Ming Ci'and 'The Supplement to the Whole Ming Ci'include 24373 pieces of ci,using668 kinds of ci tunes,among which there are 57 kinds of common tunes,and 103 self- created tunes. On one hand,the data statistics about the using of ci tunes in Ming Dynasty can reach the conclusions: the ci circle in Ming Dynasty was not shrouded all in 'flower'or 'grass'; the self- created ci tunes were not popularized;the choice of ci tunes by Ming Dynasty writers tended to be more concentrated,especially better at Xiaoling.On the other hand,the comparison of the tunes in the Ming Ci with Song Ci reflects the choices of ci tunes by Ming writers very close to that of Song people. However,Ming Ci had its variant on the basis of inheritance of Song Ci,mainly in the change of use rate ranking,the specialization of the range of some ci tune application,and the choice of the old and new styles of the same ci tune.