精神卫生法中入院治疗制度的完善

Improvement of legal institutions of hospitalization of mentally disabled patients

自愿入院治疗制度的完善需要树立事前自愿和代行自愿的法治观念,同时应建立预先指示制度,以充分保障患者自己的决定权。应当消除监护人决定属于强制入院治疗的错误观念,将监护人决定纳入代行自愿制度之中。强制入院治疗制度的完善需要在对患者自由权与社会安全做出平衡的基础上对法律条款的"危害"、"安全"、"危险"进行明确。应当将严重精神障碍回归到纯粹医学问题的本质,将决定能力评定问题单独做出规定,制定统一的决定能力判定标准。

The institution of voluntary hospitalization should be improved by establishing the concept of prece- dent autonomy and surrogate decision-making. tect rights of autonomy for mentally disabled The institution of advance directives patients. The decision by the should also be established to pro- guardian provided by China＇s Mental Health Law is one situation of surrogate decision-making rather than involuntary hospitalization. The provision of in- voluntary hospitalization, especially ＂damage ＂, ＂safety＂, and ＂danger＂, should be properly interpreted on the basis of balancing patient autonomy and social security. Serious mental disorders shall return to the essence of pure medical problems, and the determination of decision- judgment of decision-making capacity should making capacity should be a separate question. Unified criteria for the be established.