关中地区乡村住宅热环境与人体热舒适研究

Rural Residential Thermal Environment and Human Thermal Comfort in Central Shaanxi

为全面了解关中地区乡村住宅热环境状况和人体热舒适度,对该地区216户乡村住宅热环境与居民热舒适进行了现场问卷调查,实测了传统典型乡村住宅的冬夏季室内温度。结果表明,2层室内热环境较差,1层的厦房、客厅和卧室温度变化特性基本一致,但是卧室由于直接接受太阳光照射,冬季热环境较好,夏季卧室温度则稍高于客厅温度;根据ISO 7730标准和我国标准,该地区乡村住宅冬季室内舒适温度区间分别为13.9~20.8℃、12.3~22.5℃,夏季室内舒适温度区间分别为24.7~28.0℃、23.9~28.8℃;总体上,关中地区村民对冬季室内热感觉及满意度的分布频率低于对夏季室内热感觉及满意度的分布频率。因此,关中地区乡村住宅节能设计应以冬季保温为主,兼顾夏季防热。

In order to understand the rural residential thermal environment and human thermal comfort degree in Central Shaanxi, the thermal environment and human thermal comfort of 216 residents were conducted by spot field investigation in this area, and the indoor temperature of traditional typical rural residence was measured in winter and summer. The results showed that, the two-story indoor thermal environment was poor, the temperature variation characteristics of the side house, drawing room and bedroom on the first floor were basically identical, but the thermal environment of the bedroom was better in winter due to the direct sunlight, and the temperature of the bedroom in summer was slightly higher than the temperature of the drawing room. According to ISO 7730 standards and standards in China, this region＇s rural residential indoor comfort temperature ranged from 13.9 ℃-20.8 ℃, 12.3 ℃~22.5 ℃ in winter, and indoor comfort temperature ranged from 24.7 ℃~28.0 ℃, 2：？.9 ℃~28.8 ℃ in summer. Overall, the distribution frequency of the indoor thermal sensation and satisfaction in winter was lower than the distribution frequency of the indoor thermal sensation and satisfaction in summer by Central Shaanxi villagers. Therefore, rural residential energy-saving design should be keeping winter insulation mainly, and taking into account the summer heat in Central Shaanxi.