政策目标与GATT第20条引言中“相同情形”分析

Research on Relations Between Policy Goals and “Same Conditions”in the Chapeau of GATT XX

欧盟海豹案是关于GATT第20条(a)款公共道德例外条款又一重要案例,上诉机构首次解释了GATT第20条引言条款中一直被忽略的要素"相同情形",重新澄清了引言非歧视标准适用的步骤,间接肯定了作为中间参照体的"政策目标"在确定相同性中的重要作用,把"政策目标"引进相同性分析将对含义宽泛而模糊的GATT第20条引言非歧视标准的适用和未来走向产生重要影响。

European Communities - Measures Prohibiting the Importation and Marketing of Seal Products isan important case about public moral exceptions under Article XX （a） of the GATT 1994. The Appellate Bodyhas for the first time analyzed the ＂same conditions＂ in the Chapeau of GAIT article XX which has beenneglected for a long time. The report has also clarified the steps applying to nondiscrimination test and hasimplicitly confirmed that policy goals should play an important role in the determination of likeness as tertiumcomparison. As the meaning of the term ＂nondiscrimination＂ is elastic and ambitious ,this dispute will haveimportant influences on the future application of the general exception clause.